Kodi mikwingwirima inayi ya injini ya sitiroko inayi ndi iti?

Kodi mikwingwirima inayi ya injini ya sitiroko inayi ndi iti?

Injini yozungulira inayindi injini yoyaka mkati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mikwingwirima inayi ya pistoni (kulowetsa, kuponderezana, mphamvu ndi kutulutsa) kuti amalize kuzungulira kogwira ntchito. Pistoni imamaliza mikwingwirima iwiri yathunthu mu silinda kuti amalize kugwira ntchito. Kuzungulira kumodzi kumafuna kuti crankshaft izungulire kawiri, ndiye kuti, 720 °.

Ma injini ozungulira anayi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa injini zazing'ono. Injini yokhala ndi mikwingwirima inayi imamaliza mikwingwirima isanu munthawi imodzi yogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kukomoka, sitiroko yapaintaneti, sitiroko yoyaka moto, sitiroko yamphamvu ndi exhaust stroke.

Kudwala sitiroko

Chochitika chodyera chimatanthawuza nthawi yomwe kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayambitsidwa kuti mudzaze chipinda choyaka moto. Chochitika chodyera chimachitika pamene pisitoni imayenda kuchokera pamwamba pakufa kupita kumunsi pansi ndipo valve yolowetsa imatsegulidwa. Kusuntha kwa pisitoni kupita kumunsi kwakufa kumapangitsa kuti silinda ikhale yochepa kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwamlengalenga kumakakamiza kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yotsegula yotsegula kuti mudzaze malo otsika kwambiri opangidwa ndi kayendedwe ka piston. Silindayo imapitilirabe kudzaza pang'ono kupyola pakati pakufa pomwe mafuta a mpweya akupitilira kuyenda ndi inertia yake ndipo pisitoni imayamba kusintha kolowera. Pambuyo pa BDC, valavu yolowetsa imakhalabe yotseguka kwa madigiri angapo a crankshaft rotation. Zimatengera kapangidwe ka injini. Vavu yolowera imatseka ndipo kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumasindikizidwa mkati mwa silinda.

Kuponderezana StrokeKupanikizana ndi nthawi yomwe mafuta osakanikirana a mpweya amatsekeredwa mkati mwa silinda. Chipinda choyaka moto chimasindikizidwa kuti chipange mtengo. Charge ndi kuchuluka kwa othinikizidwa mpweya-mafuta osakaniza mkati mwa kuyaka chipinda kukonzekera kuyatsa. Kuphatikizira kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumatulutsa mphamvu zambiri pakuyatsa. Ma valve olowetsa ndi otulutsa ayenera kutsekedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti silinda yatsekedwa kuti ipereke kuponderezedwa. Kuponderezana ndi njira yochepetsera kapena kufinya chiwongolero mu chipinda choyaka moto kuchokera pa voliyumu yayikulu mpaka voliyumu yaying'ono. Flywheel imathandizira kuti pakhale kuthamanga komwe kumafunikira kukakamiza.

Pamene pisitoni ya injini ikanikiza chiwongolero, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yopondereza yoperekedwa ndi ntchito yochitidwa ndi pisitoni kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kuyambe. Kuponderezana ndi Kutentha kwa mpweya wamafuta a mpweya pamoto kumabweretsa kutentha kwamoto ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwamoto kumachitika mofanana mu chipinda choyaka moto kuti chiwotchere mofulumira (mafuta oxidation) pambuyo poyatsa.

Kutentha kwamafuta kumawonjezeka pamene madontho ang'onoang'ono amafuta amawuka chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumachokera. Kuwonjezeka kwapamwamba kwa madontho omwe amawonekera pamoto woyatsira amalola kuyaka kokwanira kwamoto mu chipinda choyaka moto. Mpweya wa petulo wokhawo udzayaka. Kuwonjezeka kwa malo a m'malovu kumapangitsa kuti mafuta atulutse mpweya wambiri m'malo mokhala madzi.

Pamene mamolekyu a nthunzi omwe amatenthedwa amapanikizidwa, mphamvu zambiri zimapezedwa ndi kuyaka. Mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipanikizike ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimapangidwira pakuyaka. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini yaying'ono, mphamvu yomwe imafunikira kuti ipanikizike ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa pakuyaka.

Chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana kwa injini ndi kuyerekezera kwa voliyumu ya chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ili pansi pakatikati pakufa mpaka phokoso la chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ili pamwamba pakufa. Malowa, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe ndi kalembedwe ka chipinda choyaka moto, amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana. Ma injini a petulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha 6 mpaka 1 mpaka 10 mpaka 1. Kukwera kwa chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana, injini imakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Kuponderezana kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa kuyaka kapena mphamvu yomwe imagwira pisitoni. Komabe, chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha kuponderezana kumawonjezera khama lofunika ndi woyendetsa kuti ayambe injini. Ma injini ena ang'onoang'ono ali ndi machitidwe omwe amachepetsa kupanikizika panthawi ya kuponderezedwa kuti achepetse khama lofunika ndi wogwira ntchito poyambitsa injini.

Chochitika cha kuyatsa (kuyaka) kumachitika pamene chiwongola dzanja chayatsidwa ndikutenthedwa ndi okosijeni mwachangu kudzera muzochita kuti mutulutse mphamvu yotentha. Kuyaka ndi njira yofulumira ya okosijeni yomwe mafuta amaphatikizana ndi mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndikutulutsa mphamvu ngati kutentha.

Kuyaka koyenera kumaphatikizapo nthawi yochepa koma yochepa yomwe lawi lamoto limafalikira m'chipinda chonse choyaka. Kutentha kwa spark plug kumayamba kuyaka pamene crankshaft imazungulira pafupifupi 20 ° patsogolo pakatikati pakufa. Mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndi mpweya wamafuta zimadyedwa ndi moto wakutsogolo. Kutsogolo kwa lawi ndi khoma la malire lomwe limalekanitsa chiwongola dzanja ndi zinthu zomwe zimayaka. Kutsogolo kwa lawi lamoto kumadutsa muchipinda choyaka moto mpaka chiwopsezo chonse chiwotchedwa.

kugunda kwamphamvu

Kugunda kwamphamvu ndiko kugunda kwa injini komwe mipweya yotentha yowonjezereka imakakamiza mutu wa pistoni kuchoka pamutu wa silinda. Mphamvu ya pisitoni ndi kuyenda kotsatira kumafalikira kudzera mu ndodo yolumikizira kuti igwiritse ntchito torque ku crankshaft. Torque yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imayambitsa kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Kuchuluka kwa torque komwe kumapangidwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukakamiza kwa pistoni, kukula kwa pisitoni ndi kugunda kwa injini. Pakugunda kwamphamvu, ma valve onse amatsekedwa.

Sitiroko yotulutsa mpweya imachitika pamene mipweya yotulutsa mpweya imatulutsidwa muchipinda choyaka ndikutulutsidwa mumlengalenga. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndiko kugunda komaliza ndipo kumachitika pamene valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa ndipo valve yolowetsa imatseka. Kuyenda kwa pisitoni kumatulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mumlengalenga.

Pistoni ikafika pakatikati pakufa panthawi ya sitiroko yamagetsi, kuyaka kumatha ndipo silinda imadzazidwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, ndipo inertia ya flywheel ndi ziwalo zina zosuntha zimakankhira pisitoni kubwerera pamwamba pakufa, kukakamiza mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti utuluke kudzera mu valve yotsegula. Kumapeto kwa sitiroko yotopa, pisitoni ili pamwamba pakatikati pakufa ndipo kuzungulira kwa ntchito kumatsirizika.