Amashanyarazi ni iki nuburyo bwo kubihitamo

Nta mutekano uhari wubwoko ubwo aribwo bwoseamashanyarazi, imiterere ya mashini rero iroroshye, gutunganya biroroshye, kandi ikiguzi ni gito.

(1) Ubwoko bwo kugenzura butari torque

Iki nigikoresho kitari cyikora amashanyarazi. Niba inteko yumutwe yarangiye cyangwa itarangiye bigenwa nuwayikoresheje. Umukoresha agomba kwibanda ku kureba imikorere. Nubwo ibikorwa bitoroshye kandi bisaba akazi, ubwiza bwinteko ntibushobora kwizerwa. Iyo umukoresha yemeje ko inteko irangiye, ahagarika amashanyarazi kugirango arangize ibikorwa. Ariko, kubera ingaruka zingufu zizunguruka nyuma yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, igikoni cyambukiranya cyangwa ahantu harangirika; niba uyikoresha atitonze, biroroshye ko moteri ifata umwanya muremure, bigabanya ubuzima bwa moteri yigikoresho na switch. Ubu bwoko bwibikoresho byakoreshwaga kumashanyarazi yimbaho ​​hamwe no gutatana kwinshi muminsi yambere, kandi umuvuduko wa spindle ntugomba kuba mwinshi. Vuba aha, ntabwo ahanini yakoreshejwe. Ibikoresho byo kuryama byuzuye ibikoresho

Nubwo ibikoresho byuzuza imifuka yo kuryama birimo hasi na pamba, ukurikije uburyo bwo kugumana ubushyuhe, hasi bifite ubushyuhe bwiza, biroroshye, byoroshye kuzinga no kubika, kandi biramba cyane. Hano rero turamenyekanisha cyane cyane ibikoresho.

Hasi haracyari ibikoresho byiza byo kubika imifuka yo kuryama kugeza ubu. Ibikoresho byo hasi mubisanzwe (imvi, umweru) ingagi hasi cyangwa hasi (muri rusange, ingagi ni nziza kuruta guswera hasi). Imikorere yayo iterwa n'ubwoko na etage yo hepfo yakoreshejwe. .

Mugihe cyubushakashatsi, twasanze abakoresha bamwe batitaye kubuziranenge bakoresha imyitozo yamashanyarazi hamwe na spiral bito kugirango bateranye imigozi yimbaho ​​kubikoresho bya bisi. Nubwo igiciro cyigikoresho ari gito, ubwiza bwinteko ntibushobora kugenzurwa kubera umuvuduko ukabije wimyitozo yamashanyarazi, bikavamo imyanda. Ihorere ryagaragaye vuba: imitwe ya screw yahise yangirika (kubera ko igifuniko cya groove cyangiritse na screwdriver); imyenda y'abagenzi yaciwe n'imitwe ya screw (kubera ko imitwe imwe ya screw itari yicaye neza kandi yari hejuru kurenza akazi); imirongo yo gushushanya ibyuma irasimbuka Cyangwa iragwa (imigozi imwe irakomeye cyane kandi guhuza birananirana); leveri yimyenda irekuye cyangwa amasoko arakinguye (amahuza amwe arananirana). Ibi byose ni inararibonye kubantu bakunze gufata bisi nabatoza.

(2) Ubwoko bwa feri yo kugenzura

Nigikoresho kandi kidahita gihagarika amashanyarazi. Umuvuduko mwinshi, umuyoboro wa feri nini, kandi feri ya feri nayo nini. Ibikoresho bimaze kwihuta, ibisohoka inteko isohoka nayo nini, naho ubundi. Igishushanyo mbonera cya?ubu bwoko bwa screwdriver nugukoresha transformateur kumanuka kugirango ushireho kanda nyinshi kandi uhindure voltage kugirango uhindure itara ryiteraniro. Iki gicuruzwa kiracyakorerwa mu gihugu imbere. Impamvu zikurikira zerekana ko ari moderi isubira inyuma kandi itifuzwa.

①Kuri voltage runaka, feri ya feri ya moteri ntabwo ihoraho. Hariho impamvu zibiri. Imwe ni uko guhinduranya moteri byiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe. Mugihe cyo gufata feri mugihe gito, izamuka ryubushyuhe ryumuyaga rihinduka ugereranije nini, bityo feri yo gufata feri nayo iratandukanye cyane, kandi feri yo gufata feri nayo iratandukanye; icya kabiri nuko guhinduranya moteri byiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe. Numuriro wa feri ya moteri itwara abagenzi ifitanye isano na rotor mugihe cya feri. Iyo brush iri hagati yibice bibiri byingendo, ikintu kimwe kizunguruka kigufi-kizunguruka na brush kandi ntamuriro ubyara. Ibinyuranye na byo, iyo nta gice cyogutwara abagenzi kigufi-kizengurutswe na brush, ibintu byose bizunguruka bikora kubyara umuriro. Kubwibyo, birashobora kugaragara ko ibyapa byinshi bigenda kuri moteri, niko bigenda bigabanuka ingaruka za rotor zitandukanye kuri feri ya feri mugihe cyo gufata feri. Kubwamahirwe, amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi akoresha moteri ya DC ihoraho. Rotor ntishobora kugira ahantu henshi kandi ikoresha ibyuma byinshi byogutwara abagenzi (ahantu hatatu na blade eshatu byakoreshwaga muminsi yambere, naho ibibanza bitanu na blade bitanu byakoreshejwe nyuma. Muri iki gihe, ibibanza birindwi na karindwi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumahanga., Hariho ndetse ibibanza birindwi nibice cumi na bine kugirango ugabanye torque pulsation). Hamwe na 10% yihanganira voltage ya tagisi yamashanyarazi yinganda, birakaze cyane kugenzura umuriro uhoraho hamwe nubu buryo, ni ukuvuga ko kugenzura umuriro ari bibi cyane.

②Gufata feri kenshi ntabwo aribikorwa bisanzwe bya moteri ya DC ihoraho. Bizatera ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwa moteri kandi bigabanya ubuzima bwayo. Cyane cyane niba umukoresha abigambiriye cyangwa atabishaka yongereye igihe cyo gufata feri, ingaruka zizaba zikomeye.③Guhagarika amashanyarazi mugihe moteri irimo gufata feri bizagabanya cyane ubuzima bwo guhindura. Kuberako umuyaga ari munini mugihe cyo gufata feri, ingufu za rukuruzi zibitswe muri inductor nini ni nini. Iyo ihagaritswe, izo mbaraga zirekurwa hagati yabahuza muburyo bwa arc. Sohoka, usibye guhuza, hanyuma ubishonge mubihe bikomeye.

④Kubera ko moteri ikora ku muvuduko muke cyane mbere yo gufata feri, imikorere yubu bwoko bwamashanyarazi ni mike. Ubu bwoko bwamashanyarazi burashobora gukoreshwa muburyo budasabwa ubwoko bwa A, B, C na E. D ubwoko bwa kupleti muri Mc》Mt.

Ibikoresho byo guhuza nabyo birahari.

(3) Amashanyarazi agezweho

Nigikoresho gihita gihagarika amashanyarazi. Hashingiwe ku isano ijyanye n’umuriro wa electromagnetic ya moteri na moteri ya moteri, hashyizweho uburyo bwo kugenzura kugenzura itara ryiteranirizo ryamashanyarazi mugushiraho agaciro ka moteri. Ubu bwoko bwa screwdriver yamashanyarazi nicyo gicuruzwa cyambere cyambere mubushinwa, ariko ntikigikora vuba kuko imikorere yacyo yo kugenzura ni mibi cyane. Abantu ntibabura kwibaza: Ni ukubera iki ubu buryo bwo kugenzura ari ingirakamaro cyane kumatara yagenwe? Iki gicuruzwa cyarakozwe kandi kirakoreshwa, kandi kugenzura neza umuriro bishobora kugera±5% FS; ni ukubera iki amashanyarazi aherutse gutumizwa mu mahanga nayo yubwoko bugenzura. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko urufunguzo ruri mu kuba nyuma y’umuriro w'amashanyarazi, imikorere ya sisitemu yo kuzunguruka ya shitingi y'amashanyarazi ihindurwamo urumuri rwiyongera rutagenzurwa, rufite igice kinini. Ibi ni ukubera ko kugirango habeho gukora neza, igipimo cyihuta cyo kugabanya icyuma cyamashanyarazi ni gito, kandi kugirango hamenyekane urumuri runaka rukomera, ingufu za moteri ntizishobora kuba nto cyane (nyuma yo guhinduka, 1500N·m itunganijwe neza ya torque ikenera gusa ingufu zingana na 0.3W, mugihe icyuma cyamashanyarazi M4 gisaba ingufu zingana na 8W kugirango zibyare IN·m torque). Kubwibyo, impuzandengo yingufu zizunguruka zitwarwa nigihe cyo guterana nigice ni kinini, bityo rero umuriro wongeyeho utagenzurwa nawo ni munini.Umuti nuguhita ushyira feri ikoresha ingufu byihuse kuri moteri nyuma yumuriro ugeze aho ugahagarika amashanyarazi . Muri iki gihe, moteri ikora nka generator, ihindura ingufu nyinshi za kinetic ya sisitemu yo kuzunguruka mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi kandi ikoreshwa mu gushyushya résistor, bityo bigatuma igenzura ridacungwa. Kugenzura itara ryongewe kunoza urwego rwo kugenzura no kugenzura neza. Mubyukuri, amashanyarazi ya Daniker agenzurwa nubu (harimo n’umutekano wo mu rwego rwo hejuru w’umutekano wihagararaho wihagarika amashanyarazi wavuzwe nyuma) bafata iki cyemezo kugirango bagere ku miterere myiza yo kugenzura inteko. Iterambere ryimashanyarazi igenzurwa rifite amashanyarazi yagutse kandi igenzura byihuse. Irakwiriye kubiranga inteko iranga A, B, C, na E ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa cyane, kandi iranakenewe kumashini yubahiriza Mc》Mt D ubwoko bwinteko iranga.

Ubwoko bwumutekano

Mubisanzwe uburyo bwo guhuza umutekano bushyirwa kumuvuduko muke wumurongo wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Iyo itumanaho ryoherejwe (ni ukuvuga inteko yo guterana) irenze igiciro cyayo, clutch izagenda. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwumutekano, harimo gufatira hamweamashanyarazi. clutch. Bitewe nibikenewe hamwe niterambere ryibishushanyo mbonera, hariho itandukaniro ritandukanye ryamashanyarazi nyayo (kurugero, bamwe ntibashyira clutch kuri shitingi ahubwo ku bikoresho byimbere byimbere, kandi bagakoresha itara rya reaction kugirango bagere kumikorere yumutekano) , kandi hari byinshi cyane byo kuvuga. . Ariko icyerekezo rusange cyiterambere ni miniaturizasiya, koroshya, kunonosorwa no kongera umubare w amenyo yogosha (imipira, umuzingo) kugirango ugabanye umuriro wongeyeho ingaruka, kunoza neza inteko, kongera ubuzima bwimikorere, no kugabanya kunyeganyega aho uhurira numukoresha nakazi. umutwe wigikoresho. . Ibicuruzwa bimwe biza mubice 24, birumvikana ko bizongera imirimo yo gutunganya. Ibikoresho nkibi birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira ukurikije amahame yabo, imikorere, nibirangas

(1) Ubwoko bwa clutch ku gahato

Nigikoresho kidakoresha amashanyarazi. Umuvuduko uri hagati yimikorere kandi itwarwa nigice cya kabiri nigitutu cya axial cyakozwe nuwabikoresheje kumashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, niba igitutu cya axial gikoreshwa ari kinini, clinc trapping torque izaba nini, kandi torque yo guterana nayo izaba nini. Ibinyuranye. Twakagombye kwerekana cyane cyane ko mugihe igitutu cya axial kidakuweho nyuma yo gukandagira kandi amashanyarazi ntagacike, clutch izajya ikora kandi ikongera ikagenda, bikavamo ingaruka nibindi byongera umurongo wa torque. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo byinteko biterwa rwose nubuhanga bwabakoresha, kubwibyo bikwiranye gusa nubwoko bwa A, B, C, E biranga inteko idafite ibisabwa neza. Ariko, kubwoko bwa D-na na F-yo guteranya ibiranga Mt> Mc, mugihe cyose uyikoresha afite uburambe ninshingano bihagije, ubu bwoko bwibikoresho ni amahitamo akwiye.

(2) Guhindura ubwoko bwa buffer clutch

Nigikoresho kidakoresha amashanyarazi. Imiterere ikoresha igitutu cyumuvuduko wimpinduka kugirango usimbuze umuvuduko wa axial wavuzwe haruguru ukoreshwa nuwabikoresheje, bityo torque ishobora guhinduka irashobora kuboneka. Nyamara, kugendagenda kwayo kwisubiramo no guhinduka nibyiza cyane kurenza ibyo gufata ku gahato, kandi ntabwo bitera guhindagurika gukomeye kwigikoresho mugihe ugenda. Ntabwo igabanya ubukana bwumurimo wumukoresha gusa, ahubwo inagabanya ibyangiritse kumwanya cyangwa kwambukiranya hamwe no gutwikirwa kwayo kubera kunyeganyega kumutwe wa screwdriver. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyose uyikoresha ahagaritse ikinyabiziga mugihe clutch ikandagiye kandi ikagabanya ingaruka zumuriro winyongera wikigereranyo, urumuri rusanzwe ruhoraho ruri hafi yumutambiko urashobora kuboneka. Kubwibyo, irashobora gukoreshwa kuri A, B, C, na E-ubwoko bwurudodo hamwe nibisabwa byateganijwe neza. Twakagombye kwerekana ko ubunyangamugayo bwikurikiranya bwikurikiranya hamwe nintambwe yo guterana ntibiterwa gusa nubushakashatsi bwibikoresho, ahubwo binaterwa nurwego rwabakozi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko niba igikoresho kibitswe nkana muburyo bwisubiramo mugihe kirekire, itara ryiteranirizo rishobora kugera inshuro 2-3 kumurongo. Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwiteraniro biterwa ahanini nubuhanga bwumukoresha. Abakozi bo murwego rwohejuru barashobora kandi guteranya ubwoko bwa D bwo guteranya ibintu bya Mc> Mt, kandi barashobora no gukoresha amahirwe yo gutandukana.

Uhujwe ninyongera yigihe cyo kwiyongera guteranya ingingo hamwe nubwoko bwa F. Birumvikana ko kwambara kwa clutch bizihuta kandi imikorere yinteko izagabanuka.

Ubu bwoko bwamashanyarazi burashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwo guhinduranya imbere nubwoko bwo guhindura ibintu ukurikije uburyo bwo guhindura umuvuduko wimpeshyi. Ubwoko bwo guhindura imbere buroroshye muburyo bworoshye, ariko biragoye gufungura igice cyigifuniko cyuburyo bukora mugihe uhindura umuvuduko wimpeshyi, kubwibyo ubu ntibikoreshwa gake. Nyamara, iyi miterere iracyakoreshwa cyane mugihugu cyakorewe mu gihugu icyiciro kimwe cyamashanyarazi. Imyunyungugu yimvura yo muburyo bwo guhinduranya hanze iri hanze yumupfundikizo, kandi uyikoresha arashobora kuyihindura byoroshye kugirango ihindure umuvuduko wimpeshyi kugirango uhindure urumuri. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bihoraho mu gihugu, cyane cyane amashanyarazi akoreshwa na bateri ikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, muri rusange yakoresheje ubu bwoko.

Guhindura imbaraga zumuriro wubwoko

Nigikoresho gihita gihagarika amashanyarazi. Hishimikijwe ibyavuzwe haruguru byahinduwe byahinduwe, ibyuma byerekana imyanya nka sisitemu yo guhinduranya imipaka hamwe n’amafoto y’amashanyarazi ahindura Inzu ikoreshwa mu gutahura icyerekezo cya axial cyimuka mugihe cyo gutembera no kuyihindura mubimenyetso byamashanyarazi, bigatuma umuzunguruko ukora uhagarika u moteri. Tanga ibyagezweho, kandi ukore feri itwara ingufu byihuse kugirango umenye neza ko clutch idatanga umuriro winyongera uterwa ningaruka zasubiwemo, kugirango itara ryiteranirizo rihwanye neza na torque igenda, kandi isubiramo ryumuriro winteko rigera kuri ± 3% kugeza ± 5%. Kubwibyo, birakwiriye kuranga inteko iranga A, B, C, D (Mc> Mt), E nubundi bwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko zifite ibisabwa bihanitse. Mubihe byambere, imirongo yimikorere yavuzwe haruguru ahanini yakoresheje imirongo yoroheje ya relay. Vuba aha, amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike yemejwe. Iheruka ifite igihe cyihuse cyo gusubiza kandi ntaho ihuriye, rero ifite imikorere myiza kandi yizewe cyane.

Nigutehitamo amashanyarazi

Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibihe n'ibikorwa, hemejwe ko amashanyarazi agomba kuba afite ubwoko butandukanye kugirango akemure ibikenewe bitandukanye. Iki nikibazo cyo gutoranya mugikorwa cyiterambere ryamashanyarazi agomba gukemurwa. Ibinyuranye na byo, ku mukoresha runaka, uburyo bwo kugura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibikoresho bye byo guteranya muburyo butandukanye bwamashanyarazi atandukanye ukurikije uburyo bwo kuboneka, ubukungu, gushyira mu gaciro, nibindi, ukurikije aho akorera hamwe nibiranga ibice bigomba kuba guterana, bisaba guhitamo.

Urebye imiterere n'ibiranga akazi, kimwe no gukoresha ibihe ukoresha, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zo mu bwoko bwa bateri zikoreshwa mu rugo no mu nganda zidafite amashanyarazi; kumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi afite ingufu nini na torque nini, igizwe na moteri yuruhererekane, kumubare munini wa Gukoresha hagati, koresha amashanyarazi make ya voltage yamashanyarazi hamwe nogutanga amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo ukoreshe ukwirakwijwe, koresha amashanyarazi ku giti cye akoresha amashanyarazi make cyangwa amashanyarazi ya "voltage nini". Guhitamo icyitegererezo ni ngombwa cyane kubushakashatsi, gushushanya nababikora. Guhitamo icyitegererezo gishyize mu gaciro birashobora guhuza ibyifuzo byabakoresha benshi bafite ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bike, kandi bikagera ku nyungu zubukungu n’imibereho myiza; Ibinyuranye, birakenewe cyane ko abakoresha bahitamo ubwoko butandukanye bwamashanyarazi ukurikije ibihe byabo bwite hamwe nibiranga inteko. Kugura bidakwiye bizavamo ishoramari ritagera ku ngaruka zifuzwa, cyangwa no guta igihe kuko ridashobora gukoreshwa ku bice byaryo. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, ntabwo ari ngombwa gushushanya ibicuruzwa ukurikije imiterere itandukanye yo guteranya, ahubwo no gushimangira kumenyekanisha ubumenyi bwabakoresha muri kano karere.