Ndeapi matsiroro mana einjini yechina-maroke?

Ndeapi matsiroro mana einjini yechina-maroke?

Injini yechina-stroke cycleinjini yekupisa yemukati inoshandisa mapistoni mana akasiyana (kupinza, kumanikidza, simba uye kupera) kupedzisa kutenderera kwekushanda. Iyo piston inopedzisa maviri akazara sitiroko muhumburumbira kuti apedze kutenderera kwekushanda. Kutenderera kumwechete kwekushanda kunoda kuti crankshaft itenderere kaviri, kureva, 720 °.

Injini dzechina-stroke cycle ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yeinjini diki. Injini yechina-stroke inopedza shamhu shanu mune imwe yekushanda kutenderera, kusanganisira iyo yekutora sitiroko, compression sitiroko, ignition sitiroko, simba sitiroko uye exhaust sitiroko.

Kutora sitiroko

Chiitiko chekutora chinoreva nguva iyo musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unounzwa kuzadza imba yekupisa. Chiitiko chekudya chinoitika apo piston inofamba ichibva kumusoro yakafa ichienda pazasi pakafa uye vharuvhu yekupinda inovhura. Kufamba kwepiston kuenda kuzasi kwakafa centre kunogadzira yakaderera kudzvanywa mucylinder. Ambient atmospheric pressure inomanikidza musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo kupinda mucylinder kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekupinza yakashama kuti izadze nzvimbo yakaderera-kudzvanywa inogadzirwa nekufamba kwepiston. Silinda inoramba ichizadza zvishoma kudarika yepasi yakafa pakati apo musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo unoramba uchiyerera neineertia yawo uye piston inotanga kushandura kwairi. Mushure meBDC, vharuvhu yekutora inoramba yakavhurika kune mashoma madhigirii e crankshaft kutenderera. Zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini. Ivhavha yekutora inobva yavhara uye musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta unovharwa mukati mehumburumbira.

Kutsikirira sitiroko ndiyo nguva iyo yakavharirwa mweya-mafuta musanganiswa inotsikirirwa mukati mehumburumbira. Iyo kamuri yekupisa yakavharwa kuti igadzire kuchaja. Charge ndiyo vhoriyamu yeakadzvanyirirwa emhepo-mafuta emafuta mukati mekamuri yekupisa yakagadzirira kubatidzwa. Kudzvanya musanganiswa wemafuta emhepo kunoburitsa simba rakawanda panguva yekupisa. Mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera anofanira kuvharwa kuti cylinder yakavharwa kuti ipe compression. Kudzvanya inzira yekudzikisa kana kudzvanya chaji mukamuri yekupisa kubva pavhoriyamu hombe kusvika padiki vhoriyamu. Iyo flywheel inobatsira kuchengetedza simba rinodiwa kudzvanya kuchaji.

Kana piston yeinjini ikamanikidza kuchaja, kuwedzera kwesimba rekumanikidza rinopihwa nebasa rinoitwa nepiston rinoguma nekugadzirwa kwekupisa. Kudzvanywa uye kupisa kwemhepo-mafuta mhute muchaji inokonzeresa kuwedzera tembiricha yekuchaja uye kuwedzera kwemafuta vaporization. Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwechaji kunoitika zvakaenzana mukati mekamuri yekupisa kuburitsa nekukurumidza kupisa (mafuta oxidation) mushure mekupisa.

Fuel vaporization inowedzera kana madonhwe emafuta madiki anonyura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekupisa kunoitwa. Iyo yakawedzera pamusoro penzvimbo yemadonhwe akaoneswa pamoto wemoto inobvumira kuwedzera kwakazara kupisa kwechaji mukamuri yekupisa. Mupfunga wepeturu chete ndiwo uchabatidza. Iyo yakawedzera pamusoro penzvimbo yemadonhwe inoita kuti peturu iburitse mhute yakawanda panzvimbo yekusara mvura.

Iyo yakawanda iyo inochajiswa mhute mamorekuru anodzvanywa, iyo yakawanda simba inowanikwa kubva mukupisa. Simba rinodiwa kudzvanya chaji ishoma pane kuwana musimba kunogadzirwa panguva yekupisa. Semuenzaniso, mune yakajairika injini diki, simba rinodiwa kudzvanya chaji inongova chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chesimba rinogadzirwa panguva yekupisa.

The compression reshiyo yeinjini ndiko kuenzaniswa kwevhoriyamu yekamuri yekupisa apo piston iri pazasi pakafa pakati pevhoriyamu yekamuri yekupisa apo piston iri pamusoro penzvimbo yakafa. Iyi nharaunda, yakasanganiswa nedhizaini uye chimiro chekamuri yekupisa, inosarudza iyo compression ratio. Injini dzepeturu dzinowanzova nereshiyo yekudzvanya ye6 kusvika 1 kusvika 10 kusvika 1. Iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza reshiyo, iyo injini inowedzera kushanda kwemafuta. Iyo yakakwirira yekumanikidza reshiyo inowanzo wedzera zvakanyanya kupisa kwekupisa kana simba rinoshanda papiston. Nekudaro, yakakwira yekumanikidza reshiyo inowedzera kuedza kunodiwa nemushandi kuti atange injini. Mamwe mainjini madiki ane masisitimu anobvisa kudzvanywa panguva yekutsikisa sitiroko kuti kuderedze kushanda kunodiwa nemufambisi paanotanga injini.

Chiitiko chekubatidzaChiitiko chekubatidza (kupisa) chiitiko chinoitika kana chaji yabatidzwa uye nekukasira kuokisiswa kuburikidza nekemikari kuita kuburitsa simba rekupisa. Combustion inokurumidza oxidative chemical reaction umo mafuta anosanganiswa neokisijeni yepamhepo uye anoburitsa simba muchimiro chekupisa.

Kupisa kwakakodzera kunosanganisira nguva pfupi asi yakaganhurirwa umo murazvo unopararira mukamuri rinobvira. Spark pa spark plug inotanga kutsva apo crankshaft inotenderera ingangoita 20 ° pamberi penzvimbo yakafa. Atmospheric okisijeni uye hupfu hwehupfu zvinopedzwa nemurazvo uri kumberi. Iyo murazvo wepamberi ndiyo madziro emuganhu anoparadzanisa kubhadharisa kubva pakupisa ne-zvigadzirwa. Iyo murazvo wepamberi unopfuura nemukamuri yekupisa kusvikira chaji yese yapiswa.

power stroke

Iyo simba sitiroko ndiyo injini inoshanda sitiroko umo inopisa kuwedzera magasi anomanikidza musoro wepiston kure nemusoro wecylinder. Simba repiston uye rinotevera kufamba rinofambiswa kuburikidza netambo yekubatanidza kuisa torque kune crankshaft. Iyo torque inoshandiswa inotanga kutenderera kwe crankshaft. Huwandu hwe torque inogadzirwa inotarwa nekudzvanywa kwepiston, saizi yepiston uye sitiroko yeinjini. Munguva yekurohwa kwesimba, mavharuvhu ese ari maviri akavharwa.

Exhaust sitiroko: Exhaust sitiroko inoitika kana magasi ekuburitsa anodzingwa kubva mukamuri yekupisa uye anoburitswa mumhepo. Iro exhaust stroke ndiyo yekupedzisira uye inoitika apo vheji yekuburitsa inovhura uye vharafu yekupinza inovhara. Kufamba kwepiston kunodzinga magasi emhepo mumhepo.

Apo piston inosvika pakadzika pakafa pakati pesimba rekurohwa, kupisa kwapera uye silinda inozadzwa nemagasi emhepo. Ivhavhavha inovhura, uye inertia yeflywheel nezvimwe zvikamu zvinofamba zvinosundira piston kudzokera kumusoro kwakafa pakati, zvichimanikidza kuti magasi emhepo abudiswe kuburikidza nevhavha yakashama. Pakupera kwekurohwa kwemhepo, piston iri panzvimbo yepamusoro yakafa uye kutenderera kwekushanda kunopedzwa.