Yeyiphi imivumbo emine ye-injini ene-four-stroke?

Yeyiphi imivumbo emine ye-injini ene-four-stroke?

Injini yomjikelo we-four-strokeyinjini yokutshisa yangaphakathi esebenzisa imivimbo emine eyahlukeneyo yepiston (ukungenisa, ukunyanzeliswa, amandla kunye nokukhupha) ukugqiba umjikelo wokusebenza. Ipiston igqibezela imivumbo emibini epheleleyo kwicylinder ukugqiba umjikelo wokusebenza. Umjikelo omnye wokusebenza ufuna ukuba i-crankshaft ijikeleze kabini, oko kukuthi, i-720 °.

Iinjini zomjikelo we-four-stroke lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweenjini ezincinci. I-injini ye-four-stroke igqiba imivumbo emihlanu kumjikelo omnye wokusebenza, kubandakanywa i-stroke yokuthatha, i-compression stroke, i-ignition stroke, i-power stroke kunye ne-exhaust stroke.

I-Inta stroke

Isiganeko sokuthatha sibhekisela kwixesha apho umxube we-air-fuel uqaliswa ukuzalisa igumbi lokutshisa. Isiganeko sokuthatha senzeka xa ipiston ishukuma ukusuka kwindawo efileyo ukuya kwindawo esezantsi efileyo kwaye ivelufa yokungena iyavuleka. Ukushukuma kwepiston ukuya kwindawo esezantsi efileyo kudala uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwicylinder. Uxinzelelo lwe-Ambient atmospheric lunyanzela umxube we-air-fuel kwi-cylinder ngokusebenzisa ivalve yokungena evulekileyo ukugcwalisa indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi oludalwe yintshukumo yepiston. Isilinda siyaqhubeka nokuzalisa kancinane ngaphaya kweziko elisezantsi elifileyo njengoko umxube wamafutha omoya uqhubeka nokuhamba ne-inertia yawo kwaye ipiston iqala ukutshintsha indlela. Emva kwe-BDC, ivalve yokungena ihlala ivulekile kwiidigri ezimbalwa zokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwenjini. Ivalve yokungena iyavaleka kwaye umxube wamafutha omoya uvalwe ngaphakathi kwicylinder.

I-Compression strokeI-compression stroke lixesha apho umxube we-air-fuel ovalelweyo uxinzelelwa ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder. Igumbi lokutshisa livaliwe ukwenza intlawulo. Umrhumo ngumthamo womxube wamafutha omoya oxinanisiweyo ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutsha elilungele ukutshiswa. Ukucinezela umxube we-air-fuel kukhupha amandla amaninzi ngexesha lokutshisa. I-valve yokungena kunye ne-exhaust kufuneka ivalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cylinder ivalwe ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo. Ukunyanzeliswa yinkqubo yokunciphisa okanye ukucima umrhumo kwigumbi lokutsha ukusuka kumthamo omkhulu ukuya kumthamo omncinci. I-flywheel inceda ukugcina isantya esifunekayo ukucinezela intlawulo.

Xa ipiston ye-injini icinezela intlawulo, ukwanda kwamandla oxinzelelo okunikezelwa ngumsebenzi owenziwe yi-piston kubangela ukuveliswa kobushushu. Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokufudumeza umphunga we-air-fuel kwisiphumo sokuhlawula ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokunyuka kwe-fuel vaporization. Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwentlawulo kwenzeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi lokutsha ukuvelisa ukutsha ngokukhawuleza (i-oxidation yamafutha) emva kokutshisa.

Umphunga wamafutha uyenyuka xa amathontsi epetroli amancinci eba ngumphunga ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yobushushu obuveliswayo. Indawo eyongeziweyo yomphezulu wamathontsi atyhilwe kwidangatye lomlilo ivumela ukutsha okupheleleyo kwentlawulo kwigumbi lokutsha. Kuphela ngumphunga wepetroli oza kuvutha. Indawo eyongeziweyo yomphezulu wamathontsi ibangela ukuba ipetroli ikhuphe umphunga ngakumbi endaweni yolwelo oluseleyo.

Okukhona iimolekyuli zomphunga ezihlawuliswayo zixinaniswe, kokukhona kufunyanwa amandla ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokutsha. Amandla afunekayo ukucinezela intlawulo angaphantsi kakhulu kunenzuzo esebenzayo eyenziwa ngexesha lokutsha. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-injini encinci eqhelekileyo, amandla afunekayo ukucinezela umrhumo kuphela kwikota enye yamandla avelisiweyo ngexesha lokutsha.

Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwe-injini luthelekiso lomthamo wegumbi lokutsha xa ipiston isezantsi kwiziko elifileyo ukuya kumthamo wegumbi lokutsha xa ipiston ikwiziko eliphezulu lokufa. Le ndawo, idibene nokuyila kunye nesitayela segumbi lokutsha, inquma umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa. Iinjini zepetroli zidla ngokuba nomlinganiselo we-6 ukuya ku-1 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-1. Xa uphezulu umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, kokukhona i-injini isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo udla ngokunyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo lokutsha okanye amandla asebenza kwipiston. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo unyusa umzamo ofunekayo ngumqhubi ukuqala injini. Ezinye iinjini ezincinci zineenkqubo ezinciphisa uxinzelelo ngexesha loxinzelelo lokunciphisa umzamo ofunekayo ngumqhubi xa uqala injini.

Isiganeko sokutshisaIsiganeko sokutshisa (ukutsha) senzeke xa intlawulo ilayita kwaye ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-oxidized nge-chemical reaction ukukhulula amandla okushisa. Ukutsha yikhemikhali ye-oxidative ekhawulezayo apho i-fuel khemikhali idityaniswa ne-atmospheric oxygen kwaye ikhuphe amandla ngendlela yobushushu.

Ukutshisa okufanelekileyo kubandakanya ixesha elifutshane kodwa elilinganiselweyo apho ilangatye lisasazwa kulo lonke igumbi lokutsha. Intlantsi kwiplagi yentlantsi iqala ukutsha xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza malunga ne-20 ° phambi kwendawo ephezulu efileyo. Ioksijini ye-atmospheric kunye nomphunga we-fuel zityiwa lidangatye eliqhubela phambili. Umphambili wedangatye ludonga lomda olwahlula umrhumo ukusuka kwiimveliso ezivuthayo. Umphambili wedangatye udlula kwigumbi lokutsha de kube kutshiswe yonke intlawulo.

isibetho samandla

I-stroke yamandla sistrowuku sokusebenza kwe-injini apho iigesi ezishushu ezandayo zinyanzelela intloko yepiston kude nentloko yesilinda. Amandla episton kunye nentshukumo elandelayo ihanjiswa ngentonga yokudibanisa ukufaka i-torque kwi-crankshaft. Itorque esetyenzisiweyo iqalisa ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Ubungakanani betorque eveliswayo buchongwa luxinzelelo kwipiston, ubungakanani bepiston kunye nokubetha kwenjini. Ngexesha lokubetha kwamandla, zombini iivalve zivaliwe.

I-exhaust strokeI-exhaust stroke yenzeka xa iigesi zokukhupha zikhutshwa kwigumbi lokutsha kwaye zikhutshelwe emoyeni. I-exhaust stroke yi-stroke yokugqibela kwaye yenzeke xa ivalve yokukhupha ivula kwaye ivalve yokungena ivala. Ukuhamba kwepiston kugxotha iigesi zokukhupha emoyeni.

Xa ipiston ifika kwiziko elisezantsi elifileyo ngexesha lokubetha kwamandla, ukutsha kugqityiwe kwaye isilinda sizaliswe ziigesi zokukhupha. Ivalve yokukhupha ivula, kwaye inertia ye-flywheel kunye nezinye iindawo ezihambayo zityhala ipiston ibuyele kwindawo ephezulu efileyo, inyanzelisa iigesi zokukhupha ukuba zikhutshwe ngevalve yokukhupha evulekileyo. Ekupheleni kwe-exhaust stroke, ipiston ikwiziko eliphezulu lokufa kwaye umjikelo wokusebenza ugqityiwe.