Yimiphi imivimbo emine yenjini enamasondo amane?

Yimiphi imivimbo emine yenjini enamasondo amane?

Injini yomjikelezo enemivimbo emineiyinjini evuthayo yangaphakathi esebenzisa imivimbo yepiston emine (ukudla, ukucindezelwa, amandla kanye ne-exhaust) ukuqedela umjikelezo wokusebenza. Ipiston iqeda imivimbo emibili ephelele kusilinda ukuze iqedele umjikelezo wokusebenza. Umjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza udinga ukuthi i-crankshaft ijikeleze kabili, okungukuthi, 720°.

Izinjini zomjikelezo we-four-stroke ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezinjini ezincane. Injini ene-four-stroke iqeda imivimbo emihlanu emjikelezweni owodwa wokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukushaywa kwe-intake stroke, i-compression stroke, i-ignition stroke, i-power stroke kanye ne-exhaust stroke.

Ukushaywa unhlangothi

Isenzakalo sokuthatha sibhekisela esikhathini lapho ingxube yamafutha omoya yethulwa khona ukuze igcwalise igumbi elivuthayo. Isehlakalo sokuthatha senzeka lapho ipiston isuka endaweni efileyo ephezulu iye endaweni efileyo ephansi bese kuvulwa ivalvu yokungena. Ukunyakaza kwepiston kuya endaweni ephansi efile kudala ingcindezi ephansi kusilinda. Ingcindezi yomoya osemkhathini iphoqa ingxube yesibaseli somoya ibe isilinda ngevalvu yokudonsa evulekile ukuze igcwalise indawo enengcindezi ephansi edalwe ukunyakaza kwepiston. Isilinda siyaqhubeka nokugcwala kancane ngale kwesikhungo esiphansi esifile njengoba ingxube yamafutha omoya iqhubeka nokugeleza ne-inertia yayo kanye nepiston iqala ukushintsha indlela. Ngemuva kwe-BDC, i-valve yokungena ihlala ivulekile amadigri ambalwa okujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Kuncike ekwakhiweni kwenjini. I-valve yokungena ibe isivala futhi ingxube yamafutha omoya ivalwa ngaphakathi kwesilinda.

I-Compression strokeI-compression stroke yisikhathi lapho ingxube yamafutha omoya ebanjiwe icindezelwa ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Igumbi elivuthayo livalwe ukuze lidale ukushaja. Ishaja ivolumu yengxube yesibaseli somoya esicindezelwe ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivuthayo elilungele ukuvutha. Ukucindezela ingxube yesibaseli somoya kukhipha amandla engeziwe ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha kufanele avaliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isilinda sivaliwe ukuze sinikeze ukucindezelwa. Ukucindezela kuyinqubo yokunciphisa noma ukucindezela ukushaja ekamelweni elivuthayo kusuka kumthamo omkhulu kuya kuvolumu encane. I-flywheel isiza ukugcina umfutho odingekayo ukuze ucindezele ukushaja.

Lapho ipiston yenjini icindezela ukushaja, ukwanda kwamandla okucindezela okunikezwa umsebenzi owenziwe ipiston kuphumela ekukhiqizeni ukushisa. Ukuminyanisa nokushisisa komhwamuko womoya ekushajelweni kuphumela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokushisa lokushaja kanye nokukhuphuka kokuhwamuka kukaphethiloli. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lokushaja kwenzeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi elivuthayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ukusha okusheshayo (i-oxidation yamafutha) ngemva kokushisa.

Ukuhwamuka kwamafutha kuyanda lapho amaconsi kaphethiloli amancane ehwamuka ngokuphelele ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwayo. Indawo eyandayo yamaconsi adalulwe elangabini lomlilo ivumela ukusha okugcwele okwengeziwe kweshaja egumbini elivuthayo. Umhwamuko kaphethiloli kuphela ozovutha. Ukwanda kwendawo yamaconsi kubangela ukuthi uphethiloli ukhiphe umhwamuko omningi esikhundleni soketshezi olusele.

Lapho ama-athomu kamhwamuko acindezelwa kakhulu, kutholwa amandla engeziwe enqubweni yokuvutha. Amandla adingekayo ukuze ucindezele ukushaja mancane kakhulu kunenzuzo esebenzayo ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha. Isibonelo, enjinini encane evamile, amandla adingekayo ukuze ucindezele ukushaja ayikota eyodwa kuphela yamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha.

Isilinganiso sokuminyanisa senjini siwukuqhathaniswa kwevolumu yegumbi elivuthayo lapho ipiston isendaweni ephansi efile ukuya kuvolumu yegumbi elivuthayo lapho ipiston isendaweni ephezulu efile. Le ndawo, ehlanganiswe nomklamo kanye nesitayela segumbi elivuthayo, inquma isilinganiso sokucindezela. Izinjini zikaphethiloli ngokuvamile zinesilinganiso sokuminyanisa esingu-6 kuya ku-1 kuya ku-10 kuya ku-1. Uma siphezulu isilinganiso sokucindezela, injini iyonga kakhulu. Isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela ngokuvamile sinyusa kakhulu ingcindezi yokusha noma amandla asebenza ku-piston. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso esiphezulu sokucindezela kwandisa umzamo odingwa ngu-opharetha ukuqala injini. Ezinye izinjini ezincane zinezinhlelo ezidambisa ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokucindezela ukuze kuncishiswe umzamo odingwa opharetha lapho eqala injini.

Isehlakalo sokuthungelaUmcimbi wokuthungela (ukushiswa) kwenzeka lapho inkokhiso ivutha futhi ifakwe i-oxid ngokushesha ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kukhishwe amandla ashisayo. I-Combustion yindlela yamakhemikhali e-oxidative esheshayo lapho uphethiloli uhlangana khona nomoya-mpilo wasemkhathini bese ukhipha amandla ngendlela yokushisa.

Ukushiswa okufanele kuhilela isikhathi esifushane kodwa esilinganiselwe lapho ilangabi lisakazwa kulo lonke igumbi elivuthayo. Inhlansi ku-spark plug iqala ukuvutha lapho i-crankshaft izungeza cishe u-20° ngaphambi kwendawo efile ephezulu. I-oksijini yasemkhathini kanye nomhwamuko kaphethiloli kudliwa yilangabi eliqhubekela phambili. Ingaphambili lelangabi wudonga lomngcele oluhlukanisa inkokhiso kusukela ekushiseni kwemikhiqizo. Ingaphambili lelangabi lidlula ekamelweni elivuthayo kuze kube yilapho yonke inkokhiso ishiswa.

ukushaywa kwamandla

I-power stroke yi-stroke esebenzayo yenjini lapho amagesi akhulayo ashisayo aphoqa ikhanda le-piston lisuke ekhanda le-cylinder. Amandla e-piston kanye nokunyakaza okulandelayo kudluliselwa ngenduku yokuxhuma ukuze kufakwe i-torque ku-crankshaft. I-torque esetshenzisiwe iqala ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Inani letorque elikhiqizwayo linqunywa ukucindezelwa kwepiston, ubukhulu bepiston kanye nokushaywa kwenjini. Ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwamandla, ama-valve womabili avaliwe.

I-exhaust strokeUkushaywa kwe-exhaust kwenzeka lapho amagesi e-exhaust ekhishwa egumbini elivuthayo futhi adedelwa emkhathini. I-exhaust stroke iyi-stroke yokugcina futhi kwenzeka lapho i-valve yokukhipha igesi ivuleka futhi i-valve yokukhipha ivala. Ukunyakaza kwe-piston kuxosha amagesi e-exhaust emkhathini.

Lapho i-piston ifika endaweni ephansi efile ngesikhathi sokushaywa kwamandla, ukusha kuphelile futhi isilinda sigcwaliswa ngamagesi e-exhaust. I-valve yokukhipha umoya iyavuleka, futhi inertia ye-flywheel nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo zisunduza i-piston emuva endaweni efile ephezulu, okuphoqa ukuthi amagesi e-exhaust akhishwe nge-valve yokukhipha umoya evulekile. Ekupheleni kwe-exhaust stroke, i-piston isendaweni ephezulu efile futhi umjikelezo wokusebenza usuqediwe.